{"id":27844,"date":"2020-05-29T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-05-28T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/aleksawn.bget.ru\/samyj-staryj-chelovek-v-mire\/"},"modified":"2020-05-29T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2020-05-28T21:00:00","slug":"the-oldest-man-in-the-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/en\/samyj-staryj-chelovek-v-mire\/","title":{"rendered":"The Oldest People in the World: A Ranking of Centenarians"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>For centuries, humanity has tried to unravel the mystery of longevity. After all, according to the Bible, before the Flood, people lived up to 900 years. And Methuselah lived to be 969.<\/p>\n<p>However, scientists still don&#039;t know why some people become supercentenarians. Some of these lucky ones spend their entire lives drinking, smoking, and indulging in &quot;various unhealthy excesses,&quot; while others adhere to a strict diet and lead a healthy lifestyle. We don&#039;t know the answer to this question either. But we do know..., <strong>How old is the oldest person in the world?<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%85\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span>The oldest living person<\/h2>\n<p>The oldest person on Earth is currently Kane Tanaka, a Japanese resident. According to the latest data from the Guinness Book of World Records website, she is the oldest person on Earth. <span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW42264537\" lang=\"RU-RU\" xml:lang=\"RU-RU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW42264537\">Her age\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW42264537\" lang=\"RU-RU\" xml:lang=\"RU-RU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW42264537\">already crossed<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW42264537\" lang=\"RU-RU\" xml:lang=\"RU-RU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW42264537\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW42264537\" lang=\"RU-RU\" xml:lang=\"RU-RU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW42264537\">for\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW42264537\" lang=\"RU-RU\" xml:lang=\"RU-RU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW42264537\">117 years old<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW42264537\" lang=\"RU-RU\" xml:lang=\"RU-RU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW42264537\">, A<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW42264537\" lang=\"RU-RU\" xml:lang=\"RU-RU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW42264537\">\u00a0January 2, 2021\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW42264537\" lang=\"RU-RU\" xml:lang=\"RU-RU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW42264537\">she would be 118 years old<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW42264537\" lang=\"RU-RU\" xml:lang=\"RU-RU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW42264537\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_48357\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48357\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-48357 size-full\" title=\"Kane Tanaka\" src=\"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/samyj-staryj-chelovek-v-mire_64f8c758402d9.jpeg\" alt=\"Kane Tanaka\" width=\"1020\" height=\"647\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-48357\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kane Tanaka<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Kane Tanaka&#039;s life is a shining example of the importance of persevering at any age. At 103, she was diagnosed with colon cancer, but she successfully overcame it and continues to enjoy life. She believes the secret to longevity lies in hope, family support, a healthy diet, and sleep.<\/p>\n<p>The previous record holder for longevity, Nabi Tajima, lived for 117 years and 260 days, and died in 2018.<\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">And the title\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the oldest man in the world among living men\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in February 2020<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0passed to the British\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Robert<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0443<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Weighton<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0443<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. His documented date of birth is\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">March 29, 1908<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, and he has already celebrated his 112th birthday. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Robert Weighton died in his sleep on May 28, 2020, from cancer.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Just imagine that<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0per year<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, To<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">When he was born, Theodore Roosevelt was the President of the United States,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0The Tunguska meteorite fell in Siberia,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0430\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00ab<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Titanic<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00bb haven&#039;t even started yet<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">inali<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0builds<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u044c<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_57148\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-57148\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-57148 size-full\" title=\"Robert Weighton\" src=\"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/samyj-staryj-chelovek-v-mire_64f8c758c4baf.jpeg\" alt=\"Robert Weighton\" width=\"700\" height=\"500\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-57148\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Robert Weighton<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In due time\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Weighton<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0managed to work as an engineer and a teacher,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">visited<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in Taiwan, Japan and Canada,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and now<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0lives in\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">nursing home\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0432\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">city\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Alton<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0He has two sons, a daughter, 1<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0 grandchildren and 25 great-grandchildren.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The long-liver goes grocery shopping himself, and his walker proudly bears a sign: 111.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">He drinks alcohol.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">only\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in special cases, does not smoke and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">does not eat\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">red<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0435<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0meat<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u043e<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As for any special diet, Robert doesn&#039;t have one.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Weighton<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0No.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00ab&quot;I didn&#039;t do anything to deserve or reach this age. I&#039;m just one of the lucky ones.&quot;\u00bb<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, - he once said\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the oldest living man on Earth<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">And he had only one recommendation for those who wanted to live to his age: Don&#039;t die!\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_57149\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-57149\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-57149 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/samyj-staryj-chelovek-v-mire_64f8c759462e0.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"801\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-57149\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Robert Weighton<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Before him, the oldest person in the world\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">was<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Masadzo<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Nonaka<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">island resident\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Hokkaido,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">who died in 2019,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">at the age of 113.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Masazo Nonaka\" src=\"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/samyj-staryj-chelovek-v-mire_64f8c759b6e6a.jpeg\" alt=\"Masazo Nonaka\" width=\"700\" height=\"467\" border=\"0\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Masazo Nonaka<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">He fell just short of his 113th birthday.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Chitetsu<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Watanabe<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, which\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">at the beginning of this year\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">officially awarded\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the title of the oldest man in the world from the Guinness Book of Records. He died\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">quite recently,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">February 23, 2020<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0years<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0at the age of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">112 years, 355 days<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">During life\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Watanabe<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0said that the secret to longevity lies in\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">don&#039;t get angry and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">smile more often.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%85\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span>The oldest person who ever lived<\/h2>\n<p>On August 4, 1997, Jeanne Calment died in a nursing home in France. Of course, the Grim Reaper will come for us all, but he was in no hurry to visit Mrs. Calment. She died at the age of 122 years and 164 days, setting the official record for human longevity.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Jeanne Calment is the oldest person on the planet.\" src=\"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/samyj-staryj-chelovek-v-mire_64f8c75a00d03.jpeg\" alt=\"Jeanne Calment is the oldest person on the planet.\" width=\"525\" height=\"700\" border=\"0\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeanne Calment<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Before her, the title of &quot;oldest person on the planet,&quot; according to the Guinness Book of World Records, was held by Japanese Shigechiyo Izumi, who was born on June 29, 1865, and died on February 21, 1986, at the age of 120 years and 237 days. Interestingly, both Kalman and Izumi were heavy drinkers and smokers.<\/p>\n<p>Unofficially, the oldest person on Earth was a Chinese man named Li Qingyun, presumably (as there are no documents confirming this) born in 1736 and died in 1933. Some sources even cite 1677 as Qingyun&#039;s birth date. This would make him 256 years old at the time of his death.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Li Qingyun \u2013 256 years old\" src=\"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/samyj-staryj-chelovek-v-mire_64f8c75a4b0b4.jpeg\" alt=\"Li Qingyun \u2013 256 years old\" width=\"525\" height=\"372\" border=\"0\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Li Qingyun<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>This man spent most of his life gathering medicinal herbs in the mountains of Sichuan and comprehending the secret of longevity. When asked about the secret of his incredibly long life, Li replied, &quot;Keep your heart still, sit like a tortoise, walk like a dove, and sleep like a dog.&quot; He also practiced qigong exercises and drank an herbal infusion, the recipe for which has been lost.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span>List of the oldest people on the planet<\/h2>\n<p>Here&#039;s what the top ten verified long-livers of Earth look like, both those still alive and those who have already left this world.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Jeanne Calment lived to be 122 years old.<\/li>\n<li>Sarah Knauss lived to be 119 years old.<\/li>\n<li>Lucy Hannah lived to be 117 years old.<\/li>\n<li>Nabi Tajima lived to be 117 years old.<\/li>\n<li>Marie Louise Meyer lived to be 117 years old.<\/li>\n<li>Violet Brown lived to be 117 years old.<\/li>\n<li>Emma Morano lived to be 117 years old.<\/li>\n<li>Misao Okawa lived to be 117 years old.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"TextRun SCXW183919362 BCX0\" lang=\"RU-RU\" xml:lang=\"RU-RU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"SpellingError SCXW183919362 BCX0\">Kane<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW183919362 BCX0\" lang=\"RU-RU\" xml:lang=\"RU-RU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW183919362 BCX0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW183919362 BCX0\" lang=\"RU-RU\" xml:lang=\"RU-RU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"SpellingError SCXW183919362 BCX0\">Tanaka<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW183919362 BCX0\" lang=\"RU-RU\" xml:lang=\"RU-RU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW183919362 BCX0\"> - 117 years old, alive.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW183919362 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Chiyo Miyako lived to be 117 years old.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>There are no men in the top 10 long-lived people, because the oldest verified long-liver (Jiroemon Kimura) lived 116 years and 54 days.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span>How long can a person theoretically live?<\/h2>\n<p>According to the Bible, a person could theoretically live to the age of Methuselah\u2014969 years. According to Li Qingyun, it&#039;s possible to live to over 250 years.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Methuselah \u2013 969 years old\" src=\"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/samyj-staryj-chelovek-v-mire_64f8c75a7d061.jpeg\" alt=\"Methuselah \u2013 969 years old\" width=\"700\" height=\"689\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>However, Ian Vidge, an expert on aging at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City, doubts we&#039;ll ever see centenarians like Jeanne Calment again. Human life expectancy has increased over the past few decades. But now, Vidge believes, we&#039;ve reached the upper limit of human longevity, and humans won&#039;t reach 115 years.<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Vij and his graduate students published evidence for this pessimistic prediction in the journal Nature in 2016.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Jan Vijg\" src=\"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/samyj-staryj-chelovek-v-mire_64f8c75adaa6e.jpeg\" alt=\"Jan Vijg\" width=\"700\" height=\"467\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Scientists analyzed how many people of different ages were alive in a given year. They then compared the numbers year after year to calculate how quickly the population grew in each age range. The fastest-growing segment of society became the elderly. For example, in France in the 1920s, the fastest-growing group was 85-year-old women. By the 1990s, the fastest-growing group of French women had already reached 102 years of age. If this trend had continued, the fastest-growing group today could well have been 110-year-olds. Instead, growth has slowed and appears to have stalled.<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Vij and his students examined data from 40 countries and discovered the same general trend. The scientists believed the reason was that humans had finally reached the upper limit of their lifespan.<\/p>\n<p>With rare exceptions like Mrs. Kalman, humans don&#039;t live past 115. This &quot;wall&quot; is evident even among the longest-lived people on Earth. &quot;When you look at the second supercentenarian, and then the third, fourth, and fifth, the trend is always the same,&quot; Dr. Vidge stated. In the researchers&#039; graph, Mrs. Kalman is an anomaly. Vidge&#039;s team calculated the likelihood that anyone would outlive her, given current trends. The verdict: virtually no one.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For centuries, humanity has tried to unravel the mystery of longevity. After all, according to the Bible, before the Flood, people lived to be 900 years old. And Methuselah lived to be 969 years old.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27845,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27844","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interesnye-fakty","hvn-theme-has-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27844","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27844"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27844\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27845"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27844"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27844"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27844"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}