{"id":29701,"date":"2018-09-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-09-26T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/aleksawn.bget.ru\/10-samyh-gryaznyh-gorodov-mira-2018-spisok-voz\/"},"modified":"2018-09-27T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2018-09-26T21:00:00","slug":"2018-yilgi-dunyodagi-eng-iflos-10-ta-shahar-royxati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/uz\/10-samyh-gryaznyh-gorodov-mira-2018-spisok-voz\/","title":{"rendered":"2025-yilda dunyodagi eng ifloslangan 10 ta shahar"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Afsuski, dunyoning yirik shaharlaridagi havo muzdek tozalikni taratmaydi. Bundan tashqari, megapolislardagi havo sifati yildan-yilga yomonlashib bormoqda. Hatto bitta shahar &quot;dunyodagi eng iflos shahar&quot; unvoniga sazovor bo&#039;lgan. Bu Jahon sog&#039;liqni saqlash tashkiloti (JSST) ma&#039;lumotlariga ko&#039;ra, uning ma&#039;lumotlar bazasida 4300 dan ortiq shaharlar mavjud.<\/p>\n<p>JSST mutaxassislarining ta&#039;kidlashicha, sayyoramizdagi har o&#039;n kishidan to&#039;qqiztasi juda ifloslangan havo bilan nafas oladi. Bu har yili yetti million o&#039;limga sabab bo&#039;ladi, asosan Osiyo va Afrikadagi qashshoq mamlakatlarda.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"td-modal-image aligncenter\" title=\"Ekologiya tufayli dunyoda o&#039;lim darajasi\" src=\"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/10-samyh-gryaznyh-gorodov-mira-2018-spisok-voz_64f8cbfb27743.jpeg\" alt=\"Ekologiya tufayli dunyoda o&#039;lim darajasi\" width=\"698\" height=\"718\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Dunyoning eng iflos shaharlari ro&#039;yxati PM2.5 ning o&#039;rtacha yillik darajasiga asoslangan \u2014 diametri 2,5 mikrometr yoki undan kichikroq zarrachalar. Bu zarrachalar shunchalik kichikki, ular alveolalarga kirib, jiddiy sog&#039;liq muammolarini keltirib chiqarishi mumkin.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Xanna, Hindiston<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Kubometr uchun 114 mikrogramm PM2.5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"Xanna, Hindiston \" src=\"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/10-samyh-gryaznyh-gorodov-mira-2018-spisok-voz_64f8cbfb7da51.jpeg\" alt=\"Xanna, Hindiston \" width=\"700\" height=\"420\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>500 yil oldin tashkil etilgan bu qadimiy shahar hozirda Osiyodagi eng yirik don bozori hisoblanadi. Shuningdek, u yillik mayda zarrachalar PM2.5 darajasi bilan ham mashhur bo&#039;lib, u kubometr uchun 114 mikrogrammga yetadi, bu JSST tavsiyasiga ko&#039;ra 10 mikrogramm\/m\u00b3 dan oshmaydi.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Qohira, Misr<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>117 mkg\/m3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"Qohira, Misr \" src=\"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/10-samyh-gryaznyh-gorodov-mira-2018-spisok-voz_64f8cbfbbda7d.jpeg\" alt=\"Qohira, Misr \" width=\"700\" height=\"467\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Misrning gavjum poytaxti minglab fabrika va zavodlarning shovqin ifloslanishi va kimyoviy chiqindilari, shaharni qoplagan cho&#039;l changi va chiqindilarni yomon boshqarish kabi ko&#039;plab ekologik muammolardan aziyat chekmoqda.<\/p>\n<p>Ikkinchi muammo, ayniqsa, &quot;axlat shahri&quot; deb ataladigan joyda - Qohira chekkasida, asosan axlatni qo&#039;lda saralaydigan zaballinlar yashaydigan hududda juda dolzarbdir. U yerda gepatit avj olishi keng tarqalgan va hatto moxov kasalligi holatlari ham qayd etilgan.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Ludhiana, Hindiston<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>122 mkg\/m3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"Ludhiana, Hindiston \" src=\"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/10-samyh-gryaznyh-gorodov-mira-2018-spisok-voz_64f8cbfc4e22b.jpeg\" alt=\"Ludhiana, Hindiston \" width=\"700\" height=\"443\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Dunyodagi eng ifloslangan shaharlardan biri nafaqat havo ifloslanishidan, balki suv ifloslanishidan ham aziyat chekmoqda. Bunga Ludhiana ko&#039;p bo&#039;lgan sanoat korxonalari aybdor. Qizig&#039;i shundaki, ular shaharga Hindistondagi eng boy shaharlardan biri sifatida obro&#039; qozondirdi.<\/p>\n<p>Ludhiana Osiyodagi eng yirik velosiped ishlab chiqarish markazi bo&#039;lib, shuningdek, BMW va Mercedes kabi nemis avtomobillari uchun ko&#039;plab ehtiyot qismlarni ishlab chiqaradi.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Dehli<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>123 mkg\/m3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"Dehli\" src=\"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/10-samyh-gryaznyh-gorodov-mira-2018-spisok-voz_64f8cbfc8fd5c.jpeg\" alt=\"Dehli\" width=\"700\" height=\"465\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Toza havo hozirda Hindiston poytaxtida mavjud bo&#039;lmagan tovar hisoblanadi. Odamlarning haddan tashqari ko&#039;pligi (aksariyat megapolislar uchun jiddiy muammo), axlat uyumlari va jamoat va xususiy transportning juda ko&#039;pligi Dehlining ekologik sharoitini sayyoradagi eng yomonlaridan biri deb hisoblashga olib keladi. Bu nafaqat odamlarga, balki hayvonlar va o&#039;simliklarga ham ta&#039;sir qiladi. Hindistonda taxminan 2530 turdagi hayvon va 366 turdagi o&#039;simlik yo&#039;q bo&#039;lib ketish xavfi ostida.<\/p>\n<p>2017-yil noyabr oyida Dehli bir necha kun davomida qalin iflos kulrang tutun bilan qoplandi, bu esa maktablarning yopilishiga olib keldi. Bunga to&#039;rtta omil sabab bo&#039;ldi:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>iqlim - kuchli shamol bilan birgalikda yuqori namlik;<\/li>\n<li>madaniy - chiroqlar festivalini o&#039;tkazish, unda odamlar mushakbozlik otishdi va feyerverklarni portlatishdi;<\/li>\n<li>ijtimoiy - kambag&#039;al mahallalarda axlat yoqib, odamlar qandaydir tarzda o&#039;zlarini isitishga harakat qilishdi;<\/li>\n<li>antropogen - Badarpur ko&#039;mir bilan ishlaydigan issiqlik elektr stansiyasining ishlashi, dalalardagi axlat va o&#039;simlik qoldiqlarini yoqish, binolarni buzish.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Natijada, bu vaqtda havo ifloslanishi darajasi JSST standartlaridan kamida 30 baravar oshib ketdi.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Novi Sad, Serbiya<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>142 mkg\/m3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"Novi Sad, Serbiya \" src=\"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/10-samyh-gryaznyh-gorodov-mira-2018-spisok-voz_64f8cbfcd2cd6.jpeg\" alt=\"Novi Sad, Serbiya \" width=\"700\" height=\"467\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Ajablanarlisi shundaki, &quot;eng iflos shaharlar&quot; ro&#039;yxatida oltinchi o&#039;rinni hind yoki hatto Afrika metropoli emas, balki Serbiyaning shimoliy qismida joylashgan shahar egallagan. Bu mamlakatning yirik sanoat va moliyaviy markazidir. Ko&#039;plab sayyohlar uni Serbiyadagi eng go&#039;zallaridan biri deb atashadi. Biroq, yo&#039;l chetidagi iflos chiqindilar va qurilish chiqindilari yaxshi saqlangan shahar markazida sayr qilishda ko&#039;rinadigan go&#039;zal manzarani biroz buzadi.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Raypur, Hindiston<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>144 mkg\/m3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"Raipur, Hindiston \" src=\"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/10-samyh-gryaznyh-gorodov-mira-2018-spisok-voz_64f8cbfd52a6e.jpeg\" alt=\"Raipur, Hindiston \" width=\"700\" height=\"464\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Raipur aholisi doimiy ravishda o&#039;sib bormoqda va shahar sanitariya ehtiyojlarini qondirish uchun qiynalmoqda. Shu bilan birga, tsement zavodlari va marmar va granitni qayta ishlash zavodlari havoni kimyoviy chiqindilar bilan saxovat bilan &quot;ta&#039;minlamoqda&quot;.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Pasaxa, Butan<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>150 mkg\/m3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"Pasaxa, Butan \" src=\"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/10-samyh-gryaznyh-gorodov-mira-2018-spisok-voz_64f8cbfdb9306.jpeg\" alt=\"Pasaxa, Butan \" width=\"700\" height=\"543\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Butan janubidagi bu shahar mamlakatning yagona sanoat markazi bo&#039;lib, bir nechta og&#039;ir sanoat korxonalariga ega. Butanning eng yirik xususiy kompaniyasi bo&#039;lgan Tashi Group kimyo zavodi, ferroqotishma zavodi va alkogolsiz ichimliklar fabrikasini boshqaradi. Shaharda jami 26 ta zavod mavjud.<\/p>\n<p>Ularning faoliyatining yon ta&#039;siri sifatida, shahar yomon havo va zavodlarga xizmat ko&#039;rsatish uchun zarur bo&#039;lgan suv tanqisligi tufayli bo&#039;g&#039;ilib qolmoqda.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Al-Jubail, Saudiya Arabistoni<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>152 mkg\/m3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"Al-Jubail, Saudiya Arabistoni \" src=\"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/10-samyh-gryaznyh-gorodov-mira-2018-spisok-voz_64f8cbfe3d389.jpeg\" alt=\"Al-Jubail, Saudiya Arabistoni \" width=\"700\" height=\"487\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Neft Al-Jubail shahri bilan uzviy bog&#039;liq so&#039;z. Yog&#039;-moylash materiallari, benzin va dizel yoqilg&#039;isi ishlab chiqaradigan ko&#039;plab zavodlar shahar atmosferasiga unchalik foydali bo&#039;lmasligi mumkin, ammo ular mamlakat byudjeti uchun foydalidir.<\/p>\n<p>Jubail ifloslangan havosiga qaramay, Saudiya Arabistonining eng yaxshi saqlangan shaharlaridan biri hisoblanadi. U plyajlari va tuzsizlantirilgan suv bilan sug&#039;oriladigan go&#039;zal bog&#039;lari bo&#039;lgan lagunlar bilan faxrlanadi.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Allohobod, Hindiston<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>170 mkg\/m3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"Allohobod, Hindiston \" src=\"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/10-samyh-gryaznyh-gorodov-mira-2018-spisok-voz_64f8cbfe824e2.jpeg\" alt=\"Allohobod, Hindiston \" width=\"700\" height=\"467\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Taniqli siyosiy arbob Javaharlal Neruning tug&#039;ilgan joyi va hind ziyoratchilari uchun eng muhim joylardan biri &quot;Allohning bog&#039;i&quot; (arab va fors tillaridan tarjima qilingan) go&#039;zal nomiga ega.<\/p>\n<p>Biroq, shahar Yer yuzidagi eng iflos daryolardan biri bo&#039;lgan Gang va Yamuna daryolarining tutashgan joyida joylashgan. Dunyodagi eng zaharli suv havzalaridan biri bo&#039;lgan Yamuna daryosining fotosuratiga qarashning o&#039;zi muqaddas bog&#039; emas, balki ulkan chiqindixona tasavvurini uyg&#039;otadi. Unda cho&#039;milish xom oqova suvlarda suzishga o&#039;xshaydi. Gang daryosi (manbaiga yaqin joylardan tashqari) bundan ham battar; unda faqat beparvo yoki juda taqvodor odamlar cho&#039;milishadi.<\/p>\n<p>Allohobodda tirbandlik va yashil maydonlarning yetishmasligi ham havo ifloslanishiga olib keladi.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"1_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_176%E2%80%AF%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%BC3\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span>1. Gvalior, Hindiston<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>176 mkg\/m3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"Gvalior, Hindiston\" src=\"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/10-samyh-gryaznyh-gorodov-mira-2018-spisok-voz_64f8cbff17d06.jpeg\" alt=\"Gvalior, Hindiston\" width=\"700\" height=\"379\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Mana, JSSTning dunyoda eng ifloslangan shahar qaysi degan savolga javobi. Avvalgi hisobotda Erondagi Zabol eng ifloslangan shahar sifatida qayd etilgan edi. Biroq, JSST ma&#039;lumotlar bazasining so&#039;nggi versiyasiga ko&#039;ra, Zabol ifloslanish darajasini to&#039;rt baravar kamaytirdi va endi Avstraliya poytaxti Kanberradan tozaroq ko&#039;rinadi.<\/p>\n<p>Gvaliorning ko&#039;plab aholisi suv orqali yuqadigan kasalliklardan aziyat chekishadi, chunki ular ichadigan suv ifloslangan joylardan keladi. Katta noqonuniy chiqindixonalar, gavjumlik va shovqin ifloslanishi ham jiddiy sog&#039;liq muammolari xavfini oshiradi.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"td-modal-image aligncenter\" title=\"Dunyodagi eng ifloslangan va eng toza shaharlar\" src=\"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/10-samyh-gryaznyh-gorodov-mira-2018-spisok-voz_64f8cbff920c8.jpeg\" alt=\"Dunyodagi eng ifloslangan va eng toza shaharlar\" width=\"698\" height=\"938\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Rossiyada tashqi havo sifati bo&#039;yicha ma&#039;lumotlar yo&#039;q, chunki bunday ma&#039;lumotlarni to&#039;playdigan stantsiyalar faqat Moskvada. Tabiiy resurslar vazirligi tuzdi <a href=\"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/uz\/tabiiy-resurslar-vazirligi-tomonidan-2018-yilda-rossiyaning-ekologik-standartlarga-muvofiq-eng-iflos-10-ta-shaharlari-royxati-tuzildi\/\">Rossiyaning eng iflos shaharlari ro&#039;yxati<\/a> Atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish agentligi ekologik axborot to&#039;g&#039;risidagi qonun loyihasini taklif qildi. Atrof-muhitni yaxshilash choralari fuqarolarga o&#039;z farovonligi uchun qo&#039;rqmasdan erkin nafas olish imkonini berishiga faqat umid qilish mumkin.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Afsuski, dunyoning yirik shaharlaridagi havo muzdek tozalikni taratmaydi. Bundan tashqari, megapolislardagi havo sifati yildan-yilga yomonlashib bormoqda. Va ulardan biri\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29702,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29701","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interesnye-fakty","hvn-theme-has-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29701","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29701"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29701\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29702"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29701"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29701"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgist.ru\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29701"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}