(NewsNation) — NASA says it is using a mineralogical marker to better understand ancient climate conditions on Mars.
New data has shown that crystals in the iron oxide mineral hematite can reveal changes in the planet's early climate. Iron oxides are considered indicators of past water activity.
NASA said the shape and structure of the crystals reflect the conditions in which they formed, including the temperature and water pressure.
«"We found that warm, wet conditions persisted in buried rocks for long periods, despite the cooling of Mars' climate," said NASA researcher Tanya Pereshkazhko, noting that these conditions may have supported habitability longer than previously thought.
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She added that the crystals indicate that the upper layers were colder and lacked water.
NASA reported analyzing 20 samples taken at different altitudes in Gale Crater, whose layered walls preserve the environmental history of Mars. The deeper layers reflect the planet's earliest conditions.
«"The crystallites didn't have enough time or conditions to grow in size," Pereshkazhko said. "But warm water remained in the lower layers for a long time, which allowed these crystallites to grow.".
NASA images also show traces of ancient rivers and lakes that later gave way to dry dunes.
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